Morana Questionnaire :  แบบสอบถาม มรณานุสติ

The measure was developed to assess the level of death contemplation based on Buddhist recollection.

 Morana-10 Eng.pdf

แบบสอบถาม มรณานุสติ Morana-10_Thai.pdf

The Morana Questionnaire (MoQ) is a 10-item scale, originally developed in the Thai language by Profs Wongpakaran,  to assess positive death attitudes, grounded in Theravāda Buddhist principles. The scale assesses, particularly those positive death attitudes cultivated through death contemplation meditation.  Items 1–9 are rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree), where higher scores reflect a greater positive attitude toward death. These items measure several dimensions: absence of death-related fear (e.g., “I am not afraid of death that will come”), frequency of death-related thoughts (e.g., “I frequently think about my own death”), preparedness for death (e.g., “If my life were to end now, I would be content”), emotional responses to death-related thoughts (e.g., “The thought of my own death makes me feel calm or relaxed”), and acceptance of death’s natural inevitability and its connection to Buddhist beliefs on reincarnation (e.g., “I believe that the soul does not die after death, and there is life in the next world”). Item 10 is a categorical measure asking participants where they believe they will go after death, with culturally and religiously grounded response options (e.g., Heaven, Rebirth, or Remaining near loved ones).
The internal consistency of the scale in a study was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79).
Frontiers | Positive death attitudes and psychological well-being: examining the influence of the four immeasurables